It had been four rootless
years since I had graduated from Baylor University. I had spent three months traveling through
fourteen European countries and another three months driving across the US and
back, through twenty-one states. I had
worked at a series of jobs, some menial and some worthwhile. I had lived in a shack across from the main
blowers of a steel mill and in a beautiful palatial mountain home. But I had finally landed. I had a career goal. I had been accepted into graduate school at
the University of Colorado, and I was working for an eminent research
psychologist, Dr. Raymond B. Cattell.
And then one day in 1974 an
important-looking envelope arrived from the U. S. Government. “Congratulations!” the letter inside began,
“Your transfer from VISTA to the Peace Corps has been approved.” Transfer approved? My time in VISTA had ended two years
before. Had I asked for a transfer? I vaguely recalled having received a letter
suggesting that I consider the Peace Corps.
My thought at the time had been, why not, what else do I have to do? But I had expected a quicker turn-around from
the ACTION agency that oversaw both volunteer organizations.
They were wasting no time now, however. The letter indicated that in less than four weeks I was to report for orientation in Chicago, and in two months, I was to be ready to start training in Morocco. What to do? I had felt settled after a long period of ups and downs, was enjoying my graduate classes, and finally had a professional direction in mind. But I had wanted to go to the Peace Corps since I had been in sixth grade and President Kennedy announced its formation. If I didn’t go now, I probably never would. Neither my graduate advisor nor Dr. Cattell were happy when I told them of my opportunity and dilemma. However, my academic advisor agreed to approving a two-year leave of absence, and Dr. Cattell wished me well.
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| Me at the beginning of my PCV year |
I don’t recall much about
the two or three days in Chicago except that we had rooms in the lovely old historic
Parker House. My orientation group was
large and predominantly male. We learned
that we would be trained as English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) teachers and
that we would learn to speak Arabic. We
heard tales of how hard life in Morocco would be and how primitive our living
conditions might be. We women were told
about the hardships we might face as females in a Muslim country. The big questions at the end of this were: Do you still want to go? Will you commit to two years in this
assignment?
I said yes to both questions,
attending more to the opportunity for adventure than the warnings of
difficulties ahead. I went back to
Boulder; took my final exams; packed my belongings; gave my kitten, Cass, to my
friend Laurie Nelson for safe keeping until my return; and then went home to
Texas.
Mother, always a gracious
hostess, threw a good-bye party for me.
About twenty friends from high school and college who were still in
Texas came for dinner and time to reminisce in my parents’ backyard in
Waco.
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| Baylor friends at my parents' house. Kay Peterson, Jim Selcraig, Steve Townsend, Rosalie Richards, Cecelia Hawkins, and Ernie Lewis. |
My parents helped with
packing and travel planning. We bought a
large metal trunk and a big suitcase (I was allowed two pieces of luggage) and
set about determining what I would need for my two years abroad. Sheets, towels, clothing, books, and boots
went into the trunk and suitcase. Dad
bought me a multi-band radio that would be able to pull in short-wave stations
from Europe, a cassette tape player for my music, and a new camera.
Peace Corps made travel arrangements and sent my airline tickets. On the appointed day in June of 1974, Mother took me to the Waco airport for a flight to Dallas, a connecting flight to New York City, and then on to Paris or Amsterdam. I recall several long, tired hours in whatever European airport it was before the final leg on Royal Air Maroc took me and some of the other volunteers on to Casablanca. Wrestling with my heavy trunk and overly-large suitcase (there were no wheels on luggage in those days), I went outside the terminal and confronted the reality of Morocco: dusty desert, women covered from head to toe, and men leading donkeys piled high with loads. I began to cry. What had I agreed to do? I was beyond exhausted, but somehow my luggage got loaded on the bus. Some of my fellow volunteers and I climbed aboard and began the journey to our training site in Meknes.
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| The Meknes School |
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| The women's dorm |
It was summer. This was the desert, and there was no air
conditioning. We began our days with
Arabic classes starting around six, followed by breakfast, and then more Arabic
lessons. After lunch, we had siesta
time. Sometimes we would venture out to
explore Meknes, but most afternoons found me lying and sweating on my bed as
the temperatures rose to 115 or 120 outside.
The sun was unrelenting, and there was rarely a breeze. In the late afternoon we had more Arabic
classes, then dinner, and often an evening program of some type before bed. During those free afternoons, I wrote long,
detailed letters home. My mother saved
many of them, and my memories of that year in Morocco have been aided by
re-reading my letters.
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| Susan Wilcox resting on my bed |
We found time for fun as
well. There were frequent volleyball
games, and some of the men played basketball.
On the fourth of July, our Moroccan teachers put on a party for us. It
bore no resemblance to a typical July Fourth, but was filled with music and
dancing and laughter. In August, when
Richard Nixon resigned the presidency, someone set up a shortwave radio on the
roof, and we gathered at two in the morning to listen to (and cheer) his speech
on the BBC.
Peace Corps provided us with
a “medical advisor,” a nurse named Elsie, whom we all came to despise. Elsie, who was probably in her sixties and
had no sense of humor, appeared at our training site each week to give us shots
and pills—vaccines for polio, rabies, typhoid, and I can’t remember what
else. I had a bad case of diarrhea that
lasted for weeks. She gave me a series
of drugs. The first one contained sulfa,
to which I developed an allergy, suffering with a horrible, itchy rash. The next drug contained opium which made me
giggly and unfocused. When I developed a
bad sore throat, perhaps strep, she would not let me see a Moroccan doctor but
instead ordered me to bed for a week.
Elsie was concerned enough
about my health that she recommended I be sent home. I refused to go. I was sure that eventually I would get used
to the food and the environment, but I
never did. Every time I ate food I
hadn’t carefully prepared myself, the diarrhea would return. At the end of my Peace Corps time, I was
thinner than I had ever been (or would be again).
I was a terrible Arabic
student. My later self-diagnosis was
that I have very poor auditory discrimination, which means I have a hard time
distinguishing between similar spoken sounds.
Our Arabic instruction was all oral, with nothing written down. So, I was always struggling to understand and
repeat what the teachers were saying.
And, missing classes due to ill health did not help matters. At the end of each week, the teachers would
gather to re-group us for the coming week, and each week my status got lower
and lower. (This was terrible for my
achievement-oriented ego, but a great lesson for my future work with students who
had learning disabilities.) Twice we
took the Foreign Service oral language exam, and twice I scored a one, the
bottom of the scale. Again, I was
advised to consider going home as there was significant concern about my
ability to survive with my minimal Arabic.
And again, I pleaded to be allowed to stay, promising that I would find
a tutor and continue working on my language skills.
After six or eight weeks in
Meknes, our group was divided into two—half went to Tangiers and half to Rabat
for TEFL training and student teaching. Assignments
were made by lottery. I drew Rabat while
all of my close friends drew Tangiers.
Rabat, the capital of Morocco, is a beautiful coastal city. The old city is surrounded by ancient walls
which enclose narrow streets, rows of homes, and beautiful gardens. The newer portions of the city had modern
skyscrapers, wide boulevards, and beautiful government buildings, including a
palace for King Hassan the Second and a massive mausoleum honoring his father,
King Mohammed the Fifth, who had successfully negotiated independence from the
French colonialists. While I was unhappy
at first, I made new friends and ultimately enjoyed my time in Rabat. I returned whenever possible over the next
year.
Old city walls of Rabat
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| Me at the Khemisset bus stop |
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| Khemisset buses and horse-drawn taxis |
There were two men—Greig Stewart and Jon Goodwill—sent to Khemisset with me and another woman, Christine Adams. The expectation was that we would have housing partners, but Christine had fallen in love with one of our Arabic teachers (Khalil Mekkaoui) and they decided she should live alone to facilitate his visits, thus leaving me on my own. The apartment I rented was the bottom half of a home, with the landlord’s family living above me. My apartment had four interconnected rooms, all beautifully decorated with hand-painted tiles on the walls and floors.
I almost never used the shower, preferring
instead to wash my hair and take cold sponge baths in my small porcelain kitchen
sink. Once a week or so, I would go to
Jon and Greig’s for a hot shower in their more modern French-style apartment. 
My hole-in-the-floor toilet
Tap water was not safe to
drink, so each day I would boil several kettles of water and pour them into a
large clay pot, adding iodine tablets (provided by nurse Elsie) just to be
safe. I used this treated water for
making tea, washing produce and washing my dishes. It was too awful-tasting to actually drink,
but bottled water was much harder to find than it is now, so I drank it when I
had to.
My apartment was unfurnished,
and finding furniture proved to be very challenging. I purchased some kitchen things (and a bicycle)
in Rabat from a departing volunteer and had other things made to order. I tried to explain to a wicker man that I
wanted a chair and something for my clothes with a hanging rod and
shelves. The things he created for me
were functional, but not really what I had in mind.
According to my letters
home, Christine and I ordered banquette cushions and frames from a craftsman in
town and found large crates at the souk (market) to use as tables. Jon, Greig, and I purchased beds at the
souk. All of our furniture purchases
were delivered to our homes by the horse-drawn carts that served as taxis in
Khemisset.
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| Greig and Jon sitting on my banquettes |
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| Laundry day: tub and clothesline |
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| My closet and chair |
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| Me boiling water on my propane burners |
For cooking, I purchased a two-burner propane stove and a propane tank. There was no refrigeration, and so I shopped daily for produce and whatever else I wanted to eat. There was a shop next door to my apartment, but the stock was limited to Palmolive dishwashing soap, Tide laundry soap, Nescafe instant coffee and milk, and warm orange Nehi soda. The proprietor celebrated when he was eventually able to purchase a small refrigerator and add yogurt and a few other items to his offerings.
I was mostly a vegetarian while living in Khemisset. Each day, as I returned home from school, I would purchase beautiful fresh produce and freshly baked bread from vendors at the street market. Occasionally, I would buy a few eggs, but I couldn’t face the meat markets where beef and lamb carcasses, covered with buzzing flies, hung from ceiling hooks. Nor would I purchase one of the squawking live chickens which would have to be killed and de-feathered at home. I did eat meat when someone else prepared it for me, but I did not prepare any for myself.
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| My upstairs neighbors |
My landlord’s family was
very nice, inviting me up for meals occasionally. There were three daughters, including one who
was my age and taught French at another school in town. Unfortunately, I spoke no French and none of
them spoke any English, so we had to communicate in my pathetic Arabic. Nothing made me feel more stupid than trying
to talk to these women. Sometimes they
would invite others to join us, and I felt like the entertainment as everyone
laughed at my poor pronunciation and frequent errors.
A number of Peace Corps
Volunteers had maids, but I had sworn that I would not hire one. It seemed wrong as a Peace Corps volunteer who
was supposed to be living frugally.
However, I discovered that what seemed to me to be a meager salary was
wealth compared to what most families in Khemisset lived on. Hiring a maid was a way to provide financial
support to one of those families.
In a letter home that
September, I wrote that I had spent an entire day doing laundry. I had purchased a metal washtub which I
filled with cold water from my tap and Tide purchased from the store next door. Repeatedly plunging sheets, towels, blue
jeans, and my other clothes in the tub to wash and then rinse them was tedious,
back-breaking work. The next time I was
doing laundry, a woman knocked on my door and asked if I needed a maid. I hired her on the spot to start work
immediately. Fatima came two afternoons
a week and worked for Christine another two afternoons. She cooked dinner for me once or twice a week
in addition to cleaning my house and doing my laundry. We paid her about thirty cents an hour. Fatima had a disabled husband at home and
several children. One of the girls,
about thirteen years old, worked as a weaver in a Khemisset rug factory.
One souk day, Fatima knocked at my door early, holding her swollen jaw and clearly in great pain. She explained that she had a terrible toothache and needed to go to the souk dentist to have the tooth pulled out. She needed money. So, Christine and I also provided “dental insurance” for our employee. At the end of my time in Khemisset, I asked Fatima if she would like any of my furniture. “Yes. All of it,” she replied. It turned out that her family had nothing except for straw mats on the floor for sleeping. So, all in all, I felt that my having a maid was a mutual benefit to me and to a poor family.
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| Fatima and her daughter on moving-out day |
The walls of my apartment
were thick and the windows small and high to keep it cool in the summer
heat. It worked beautifully, and I was
never too hot inside my home. However, as
the temperatures cooled outside, they cooled even more in my well-insulated
house. Many winter nights found me
wearing as many layers of clothing as I could put on, grading papers under the
blankets of my bed and wearing gloves. I
finally purchased a kerosene heater, but it was dangerous and only heated the
area immediately surrounding it, so I didn’t use it very often.
As for my job, I taught three classes of English. My students were all boys, about twenty-five per class. We had no books, but each boy had a spiral notebook and a pen or pencil for taking notes. All of my teaching was done in English with materials I had created. Whatever I wrote on the blackboard, the students diligently copied in their notebooks. I did a lot of acting to get a point across and to teach vocabulary, and the students had to respond orally. My biggest discipline problem was getting them to raise their hands and wait to be called on rather than all shouting out answers at once.
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| One of my classes |
My teaching schedule was more like that of a college than a high school assignment. I went to school for my classes but was not required to be there otherwise. That worked very well for me, especially since the only bathrooms were community stalls along one end of the lycée compound. I could teach a class or two, go home for a break and return for my other classes.
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| The Meknes Lycee, dorms on the right and open toilet stalls at the end of the courtyard |
My biggest complaint was
that I had to teach at least one class six days a week, leaving little time for
weekend travel. The Muslim holy day
begins on Friday, so we were out of school on Fridays at noon. To compensate, there were Saturday morning
classes. Not everyone had to teach a
Saturday class, but I did.
The Moroccan education
system is highly competitive. While a
free public education is provided by the government through college, only those
who survive the academic demands can take advantage of it. If a student doesn’t pass a grade, he or she
may repeat that grade once. Failing a
second time ends the student’s schooling.
At the end of every third grade, students take an exam. If they pass, they may go on to the next
level. If they fail, they may wait a
year and take it again. Thus, my
students were all capable and very anxious to do well, but some, in their final
year of high school, were as old as twenty.
French was taught in the elementary grades and English in the secondary
grades. Mastery of both languages was required
for high school graduation. So, my
students knew that the stakes were high and therefore took learning English
very seriously.
Morocco is a very poor
country and everywhere I looked I saw problems:
poverty, unclean water, lack of medical care, and physical disabilities
which led to begging. I thought that
providing so many teachers to essentially the country’s elite population was a
travesty when there were so many other needs left unaddressed. I made an appointment to talk to the Peace
Corps director about it. He explained
that each country determines what it needs and asks the US to provide those
services. The US can either say yes or
no but cannot dictate to the host country what it should be asking for. He said he understood my frustration and that
I was free to quit at any time. However,
he wanted me to know that if I did quit, my position would not be refilled and
my students would have no English teacher for the remainder of the school year. Knowing how critical learning English was to
their academic futures, I agreed to stay to the end of the school year. That was a primary reason for my only completing
one of the two Peace Corps years I had agreed to.
I did manage to find a way to address some of the other problems I saw by volunteering at a Save the Children orphanage outside of Khemisset. The story I was told about its origin was that in the early years of Morocco’s independence, a shipment of surplus motor oil from the US had been sold as cooking oil. Pregnant women who used it for cooking had babies with terrible birth defects such as missing limbs or other serious deformities. I don’t know if this story is true, but the children served at this facility all had physical disabilities. I worked with a group of young girls, doing crafts and teaching them some English.
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| Me with some of the Save the Children kids |
When my teaching schedule or
holidays allowed it, I went to visit Peace Corps friends in other towns—Al
Hoceima, Casablanca, Midelt, El Jadida, Essaouira, Marrakesh—or they came to
visit me. During the Christmas holidays,
a group of us took the ferry from Tangiers to Spain and spent a few enjoyable
days exploring Sevilla and Granada.
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| Wedding day |
John and I had met while
students at Baylor. He had been trying
to convince me to marry him for years, but I knew he was not the right man for
me. However, by the time we were ready
to go back to the states, John had convinced me that he was. We married for real in Boulder, Colorado in
September. I had been right. It was a big mistake, and we divorced a few
years later.
At the end of my Peace Corps
year, I was required to have a physical exam at the US Naval base in
Kenitra. A few days after my exam, I
received a telegram telling me to return for additional tests. The concern was a spot in one of my
lungs. The doctor who saw me said it
most likely was a tuberculosis germ, but it looked like my body had dealt with
it effectively through calcification. He
recommended that I have it followed up upon my return to the US. The spot remains there forty-five years later,
but, thankfully, I have never tested positive for TB.
I have many positive memories of my year as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Morocco and occasionally reconnect with some of my fellow volunteers—some of whom can still speak the Arabic I never mastered. Last year one of my Moroccan students found me on Facebook and wrote that he still remembered me and was grateful for what he had learned in my class. He told me about the jobs that several of the students in his class were holding—all some type of bureaucratic or mercantile jobs. I was pleased to have positive feedback after so many years.
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| PCV Morocco Reunion, 2016 |
In 2016, I went with a small
tour group to Morocco, curious to see what had changed in the forty years since
I had lived there. I found that the big
cities were much more modern with vastly improved transportation, but the smaller
towns and the countryside seemed the same.
Our tour happened to be driving through Khemisset on a Tuesday, which is
still souk day, so we stopped for a walk around the open-air, tented market.
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| The Khemisset souk, 1974 |
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| Produce at the Khemisset souk, 2016 |
I remembered a few basic
Arabic words such as hello, thank you, and the all-important God willing. I was amazed at how my use of these few words
brought smiles to the faces of those I talked with. “Ah, you speak Arabic,” they would say. “Only a little,” I would reply. However limited, this small gesture seemed to
convey: I understand something of your culture, your language, your religion,
and your lives. And perhaps that is the
biggest benefit of the Peace Corps—an increased understanding of different
cultures and a more inclusive world view.
After all, there is only one planet Earth, and we all share
responsibility for its care and for one another.



















